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Data from Statistics South Africa showed overall mining production fell 2.7% year on year, reversing a 6.1% expansion in October and falling short of market expectations of a 3.9% gain.
On a seasonally adjusted basis, output dropped 5.9% month on month, the sharpest contraction since early 2025.
Coal and Iron Ore Lead the Downturn
The slump was driven by weaker performance in key commodities. Coal output fell 7.9%, while iron ore production declined 7.6%. Platinum group metals dropped 2.8%, and gold slipped 6%, underscoring the uneven pressures across South Africa’s extractive sector.
In contrast, manganese ore production surged 17%, and diamond output jumped nearly 28%, providing some support to overall mining activity.
Producers continue to grapple with logistical constraints. Rail and port bottlenecks have limited exports, particularly for coal and iron ore, while input cost inflation further strains margins.
Electricity costs surged nearly 16% year on year, water expenses rose 11.6%, and labour costs climbed around 6%, according to the Minerals Council South Africa.
These structural challenges have contributed to temporary idling of several energy-intensive operations.
South African miners remain sensitive to global market developments, particularly U.S.–China trade tensions.
Last year April, the Minerals Council raised concerns that US President Donald Trump’s reciprocal import tariffs will damage global economic growth and lead to lower demand for the country’s minerals.
Most of South Africa’s minerals and metals sold to the US are excluded from the tariffs, but there are some, like iron ore and diamonds, which will be subject to the 30% reciprocal tariff.
Minerals Council chief economist Hugo Pienaar said that while platinum group metals (PGMs) – coal, gold, manganese and chrome, had been excluded from the tariffs, global growth coming under threat was “bad news” for the mining sector.
“Despite the exclusions, we remain concerned about the adverse impact on business and consumer sentiment and the resultant feedthrough to business investment, consumer spending and ultimately global real GDP growth caused by this unprecedented upheaval in world trade,” Pienaar said.
China Demand and Domestic Challenges
China, the world’s largest iron ore consumer, continues to dominate demand, buying roughly three-quarters of global seaborne iron ore.
However, volatility in Chinese steel production, coupled with infrastructure and logistical challenges at home, leaves South African miners highly exposed.
Even Anglo American’s Kumba Iron Ore reported a 2% production decline, citing plant maintenance and supply chain disruptions.
Outlook Amid Challenges
Despite the monthly contraction, seasonally adjusted output over the three months to November rose 1.6% compared with the previous quarter, showing resilience in certain segments.
Analysts warn that persistent infrastructure bottlenecks, elevated operating costs, and external trade pressures, including U.S. tariffs, could continue to curb growth.